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Jimmy the raven (often credited as Jimmy the crow) was a raven who appeared in more than 1,000 feature films from the 1930s through the 1950s. He first appeared in ''You Can't Take It With You'' in 1938, after which director Frank Capra cast the bird in every subsequent movie he made. Among his roles were Uncle Billy's pet, seen in the Building & Loan in ''It's a Wonderful Life'', and the crow that landed on the Scarecrow in ''The Wizard of Oz''.〔 Jimmy belonged to Hollywood animal trainer Curly Twiford, who found the bird in a nest in the Mojave Desert in 1934. Twiford trained Jimmy to do an assortment of tricks, such as typing, opening letters, and even riding a tiny motorcycle: things that would make him appealing to use in films. Jimmy could understand several hundred words, though only around 50 were what Twiford called "useful". It took Jimmy a week to learn a new useful word—two weeks if it had 2 syllables.〔 Twiford said that Jimmy could perform any task that an 8-year-old child could (see bird intelligence). His human co-stars were complimentary of the bird. "When they call Jimmy, we both answer," remarked Jimmy Stewart on the set of ''It's a Wonderful Life'', noting that the raven "is the smartest actor on the set" requiring fewer re-takes than his human counterparts. As he became more popular with the studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer had him insured for $10,000. Lloyd's of London wrote a policy to cover Jimmy's $500 a week fee as well as Curly Twiford's $200 handler fee, in the event Jimmy forgot any of the words he would need on the set. Twiford credited these fees with keeping him solvent during World War II. At one point, Jimmy had 21 stand-ins, 15 of which were female, who would fill in for him when the scene did not require any tricks or movement. Jimmy received a Red Cross gold medal in acknowledgement of 200 hours spent entertaining veterans after the war,〔 and his footprints were enshrined in cement at a large Los Angeles pet store, alongside Lassie and other Hollywood animal stars. His last credited film was ''3 Ring Circus'' in 1954, after which little is known about him. Though Curly Twiford said Jimmy would "probably live to be 150" years old,〔 which the papers re-printed,〔 in reality ravens seldom live more than 30 years in captivity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ascaronline.org/crowfaq.htm )〕 Twiford died in 1956 at the age of 60. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jimmy the raven」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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